Erythropoietin (EPO)
and EPO Test
Definition of Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced by the kidney that promotes the formation of red blood cells by bone marrow (bone marrow).
Kidney cells that make erythropoietin is specialized so that they are sensitive to oxygen levels are low in the blood that flows through the kidneys. These cells make and release erythropoietin when oxygen levels are too low. Low oxygen levels may indicate anemia, a number of red blood cells are reduced, or molecules of hemoglobin that carries oxygen throughout the body.
Erythropoietin (EPO) in Chemistry
Erythropoietin is a protein with an attached sugar (a glycoprotein). He is one of a number of similar glycoproteins that serve as a stimulus-stimulus (stimulus) for the growth of specific types of blood cells in the bone marrow.
Task Erythropoietin (EPO)
Erythropoietin stimulating (stimulating) bone marrow (bone marrow) to produce more red blood cells. An increase that results from it in the red cells increases the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen.
As the primary regulator of red cell production, erythropoietin main functions are to:
1. Advance the development of red blood cells.
2. Starting the synthesis of hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells that transports oxygen.
The only source of kidneys of erythropoietin?
No. Erythropoietin is produced at a lesser extent by the liver. Only about 10% of erythropoietin is produced in the liver. Erythropoietin gene has been found on human chromosome 7 (in band 7q21). A series of different DNA flanking the erythropoietin gene acts to control the production of erythropoietin from the liver opponent of the kidney.
Why Erythropoietin test done?
The hormone erythropoietin can be detected and measured in the blood. Levels of erythropoietin in the blood can indicate bone marrow disorders (such as polycythemia, or red blood cell production increases), kidney disease, or misuse of erythropoietin. Testing blood levels of erythropoietin so is worth it if:
* Too little erythropoietin may be responsible for too few red blood cells (as in evaluating anemia, especially anemia associated with kidney disease).
* Too much of erythropoietin may cause too many red blood cells (polycythemia).
* Too much of erythropoietin may be evidence for a kidney tumor.
* Too much of erythropoietin in an athlete (athlete) may suggest misuse of erythropoietin.
How Erythropoietin test done?
Usually Patients were asked to fast 8-10 hours (overnight) and sometimes lie down quietly and relax for 20 or 30 minutes before tests. The test requires a routine blood sample, which is sent to a lab for analysis.
Normal erythropoietin levels?
Normal levels of erythropoietin ranged from 4 to 24 mU / ml (milliunits per milliliter).
Abnormal erythropoietin levels? Indicates What?
Lower than normal values erythropoietin seen, for example, in anemia caused by chronic renal failure (prolonged).
Erythropoietin levels that rise can be seen, for example, in polycythemia rubra vera, a disorder characterized by an excess of red blood cells.
The correct interpretation of an abnormal erythropoietin levels depending on the specific clinical situation.
Can Someone Without A Disease or Medical Condition Which Erythropoietin Have A Higher Rate?
Yes. For example, erythropoietin has been misused as a drug that enhances performance on the sports teams such as bicycle racers (on Tour), long-distance runners, jogger, skater, and players Nordic skiing (cross-country). If misused in these types of situations, especially the danger of erythropoietin is thought (probably because of dehydration caused by heavy exercise can further increase the thickness (viscosity) of blood, raising the risk for heart attack and seranga-strokes). Erythropoietin has been banned by organizations Tour, Olympics, and other sports.
Erythropoietin Is Available For A Prescribed Drugs?
Yes. Using recombinant DNA technology, erythropoietin has been produced synthetically for use as a treatment for people with certain types of anemia. Erythropoietin can be used to correct the anemia by stimulating red blood cell production in bone marrow in these conditions. The medicine is known as epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit). He can be given as an injection intravenously or subcutaneously (under the skin).
The use of Erythropoietin-Clinical Use
Erythropoietin [epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit)] is used in many installation-fitting clinic. The most common use is in people with anemia associated with abnormal function (dysfunction) kidney. When the kidneys are not functioning properly, they produce less than normal amounts of erythropoietin, which can lead to the production of red blood cells are low, or anemia. Therefore, by replacing erythropoietin with an injection of synthetic erythropoietin, anemia associated with kidney disease may be treated. Today, Epogen or Procrit is a standard part of therapy in patients with kidney disease who require dialysis to both treat and prevent anemia.
Other uses of erythropoietin may include treatment of anemia associated with AZT treatment (used to treat AIDS) and cancer-related anemia.
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