Swollen Veins
Abdominal Aorta
(Abdominal Aortic
Aneurysm)
Aneurysm Definition
Aneurysm is an area of a local dilation of a blood vessel. The word "aneurysm" or "aneurysm" is borrowed from the Greek word "aneurysma" which means "widening".
Definition of Aortic aneurysm
Aortic aneurysms involving the aorta, one of the great arteries through which blood from the heart throughout the body. Prominent aortic / swell on the side of the aneurysm like a weak spot in an old tire that has worn out.
The definition of thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta
Aorta first times called thoracic aorta (thoracic aorta) when he left his heart, rose, curved, and down through the chest until he reaches the diaphragm (the partition between the chest or abdomen or thorax and abdomen). Then the aorta is called aortic abdominal (abdominal aorta) after it passed through the diaphragm and continue downwards to the stomach. Abdominal aorta (abdominal aorta) end where it splits to form the two iliac arteries that go to the legs.
Place aortic aneurysm Developing Trends
Aneurysm, aortic aneurysm can develop anywhere along the aorta. Most, however, are located along the abdominal aorta (abdominal aorta). Most (approximately 90%) aneurysm-abdominal aneurysm located below the surface of the renal arteries, the vessels that leave the aorta to the kidneys. Approximately two-thirds of the aneurysm-abdominal aneurysms is not confined to the aorta but extend from the aorta into one or both of the iliac arteries.
Forms of the most common of the Aorta Aneurysms
Most aneurysms, aortic aneurysms are fusiform. They are formed as a spindle (spindle, "Fusus" means spindle (spindle) in Latin) with widening all around the circumference of the aorta.
What's inside aortic aneurysm?
The inner walls of the aneurysm, an aneurysm is often coated with blood clots in layers like a piece of wood covered with plywood (plywood).
Who is the possibility of getting an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
Aneurysm, aortic aneurysm is most common after age 60 years. Men are five times more likely to be affected than women. Approximately 5% of men aged over 60 years to develop swelling or abdominal aorta abdominal aortic aneurysm (abdominal aortic aneurysm).
Risk factors for aneurysm-aortic aneurysm
Risk factors for aortic aneurysms include:
* Smoking: Smoking not only increases the risk of developing abdominal aortic aneurysm, the chance of rupture of an aneurysm (a life-threatening complication of abdominal aneurysm) is also more common among active smokers.
* High blood pressure
* Serum cholesterol is high
* Diabetes mellitus or diabetes
The most common cause of aneurysms, aortic aneurysms
The most common cause of aneurysms, aortic aneurysms are "hardening of the arteries" called arteriosclerosis. At least 80% of aneurysms, aortic aneurysms are of arteriosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis can weaken the aortic wall and the pressure of blood being pumped through the aorta causes expansion at the weak spot.
Other causes of aneurysms, aortic aneurysms
Other causes of aneurysms, aortic aneurysms include:
* Genetic / fall down: There is a family tendency to develop aneurysms, abdominal aortic aneurysm. Individuals with one first-degree relatives who had an aneurysm, abdominal aortic aneurysms have a higher risk of developing an aneurysm, abdominal aortic aneurysm than the general population. They also tend to develop aneurysms, aneurysms at ages younger and have a higher tendency to suffer from aneurysm rupture (aneurysm rupture) than individuals without a family history.
* Genetic Disease: There is also an inherited genetic disease which is rarely of connective tissue (tissue that forms the wall of the aorta) as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Marfan's syndrome that can lead to the development of aneurysms, aortic aneurysm.
* Post-trauma: After physical trauma to the aorta.
* Arteritis: Inflammation of blood vessels as occurs in Takayasu disease, giant cell arteritis, and relapsing polychondritis.
* Mycotic (fungal) infection: mycotic infection that may be related to immune deficiency (immunodeficiency), IV drug abuse, syphilis, and heart valve surgery.
Symptoms of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Most abdominal aortic aneurysms, aneurysms do not produce symptoms (they are asymptomatic). They are often discovered by chance when ultrasounds studies and / or CT scan of the abdomen are required for other conditions. When they produce symptoms, the most common symptom is pain / pain. The pain typically have qualities that in as if he had drilled into a person. It is felt most prominently in the middle abdomen and can spread to the back. The pain is usually fixed but can be reduced / eliminated by replacing the position. The person may also become aware of abdominal pulsations are abnormally prominent.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm can remain asymptomatic or produce symptoms of mild to moderate for many years. However, abdominal aneurysm is expanding rapidly can cause sudden onset of central abdominal pain and severe back, continuously, and worse. Aneurysm is expanding rapidly is also at risk of tearing / rupture is imminent. Torn / ruptured abdominal aneurysm of the real can cause sudden onset of back and abdominal pain, sometimes associated with abdominal distention, abdominal pulsating mass, and even shock (low blood pressure caused by severe blood loss on a large scale).
Fingering or stomach feel carefully by a physician may reveal an abnormal dilation of the aortic pulsation stomach. This is characteristically felt on both sides of the aorta that is in the midline of the abdomen. Note that even large aneurysms, aneurysms can be very difficult to detect on physical examination in people who are overweight. Aneurysm, an aneurysm that is on the verge of torn / broken and enlarged quickly, are often soft. Hearing the premises stethoscope may also reveal bruit or abnormal sound of blood turbulence within the aneurysm.
These tests are helpful in diagnosing abdominal aortic aneurysm
In approximately 90% of the cases, abdominal X-rays showed calcium deposits on the walls of an aneurysm. But a simple abdominal x-rays can not determine the size and extent of the aneurysm. Ultrasonography usually gives a clear picture of the size of the aneurysm. Ultrasound has a precision of about 98% in measuring the size of the aneurysm, and is safe and noninvasive. However, ultrasound can not accurately (accurately) determine the extent of an aneurysm and is not sufficient for planning surgical repair.
Computerized tomography of the abdomen, is highly accurate in determining the size and extent of the aneurysm, and its relationship to the renal arteries. However, computerized tomography using a high radiation dose and for the evaluation of blood vessels, requires a dye that is inserted through a vein (intravenous dye). It carries several risks, including allergic reactions to the dye and irritation of the kidneys. In patients with kidney disease, your doctor may consider MRA (magnetic resonance angiography), which is the study of the aorta and other arteries using MRI scanning. Both computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is effective for diagnosis. Aortogram, in which dye is injected directly into the aorta to assess the anatomy, the history is the first diagnostic test of choice. Right now, indications-the indication may be limited to be used when surgery or stenting is considered (see below).
Natural history of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Natural history of abdominal aortic aneurysms, aneurysms depending on their size and speed of expansion. Tear / rupture of an aneurysm is not common when their width is less than 5.5 cm and is slowly expanding. Tear / rupture is much more common in aneurysms, aneurysms of a width exceeding 5.5 cm and are expanding rapidly (> 0.5 cm / year). Therefore surgical repair is usually recommended for aneurysms larger than 5.5 cm.
Complications with abdominal aortic aneurysm
Tear / rupture is a dreaded problem. Tear / rupture of abdominal aneurysm is a catastrophe. It is highly lethal and is usually preceded by excruciating pain in lower abdomen and back, with tenderness of the aneurysm. Tear / rupture of abdominal aneurysm causing profuse bleeding and lead to shock. Death may be very quickly followed. Half of all people with abdominal aortic aneurysms, aneurysms are not treated died of tear / rupture of an aneurysm in five years. Aneurysm, abdominal aortic aneurysm is the 13th leading cause of death in America.
Blockage of blood vessels periphery (peripheral embolization) of a clot within an aneurysm can occur when a clot breaks off and walks out further in the arterial system. This clot fragment can be related in a smaller artery and block blood flow. Infection of aneurysms can occur from turbulence (vibrating) in the blood flow from the rough surface of the affected aorta.
Aneurysm repair abdominal aortic aneurysm-
Abdominal aortic aneurysm treatment goal in surgery is to prevent tear / rupture of an aneurysm. Traditionally, aneurysm repair, aortic aneurysms are surgically. The operation consists of opening the abdomen, the aorta and found the lift (cut) aneurysm. A synthetic Dacron tube that replaces the removed pieces of the aorta sutured in place.
A less invasive procedure for aortic aneurysms is endovascular surgery. Minimally invasive procedure that allows a stent in the blood vessels led to the aneurysm without opening the abdomen. Not all aneurysms, aneurysms can be repaired in this way and there may be no long-term benefits to this type of operation. Although the trip after surgery is shorter, there is a need for tests and follow-up is more stringent.
Performed if abdominal aortic aneurysm threatens to tear / rupture
The threat of tear / rupture of an aneurysm, abdominal aneurysm is an emergency operation. Risk of surgery for a torn aneurysm / rupture is approximately 50%. If kidney failure occurs after surgery, the prognosis was bad.
Medical control of abdominal aortic aneurysms (control non-surgical)
For patients who are not candidates for surgery (eg for patients with aneurysms smaller than 5 cm), medical care to prevent the expansion and tear / rupture of an aneurysm include:
* Stop smoking.
* Controlling high blood pressure, hypertension.
* Lowering blood cholesterol is high.
* Some doctors may consider medications called beta blockers such as propanolol (Inderal), atenolol (Tenormin) or metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), which block the adrenaline receptors in the vessels and lowers blood pressure.
* Monitor the stringent requirements of the size of the aneurysm by ultrasound or CT scan every 6 to 12 months (more rapidly in patients at high risk).
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