Whooping Cough Disease (Pertussis) - Sign Symptoms Incubation
Whooping cough disease or also known as "pertussis" or in English Whooping Cough is a contagious disease. In the world happens around 30 to 50 million cases per year, and causes death in 300,000 cases (data from WHO). This disease usually occurs in children aged under 1 year. 90 percent of these cases occur in developing countries, the disease is usually caused by the bacterium Bordetella but is not infrequently caused by B. parapertussis
Incubation period
Time from exposure to visible signs of disease 3 to 12 days.
Symptoms
Usually begins with mild respiratory symptoms like coughing, sneezing and nasal fluids out continuously (in catarrhal stage) and then after 1 week to 2 weeks followed by a cough but who constantly followed by a period where there is a pause cough (paroxysmal stage). This cough may be followed by the vomiting, it is because of nausea who suffered, and in young children where the physiological reflexes who has not formed perfectly it will cause vomiting, this is not infrequently leads to malnutrition. Coughing may be the trigger by yawning, laughing or yelling, and will be reduced after 1 to 2 months. Complications can follow this state who is pneumonia, encephalitis, pulmonary hypertension, and adhering to bacterial infection.
Transmission
Pertussis is spread through droplets from coughing patients who are affected and then inhaled by healthy people who have no immunity, antibiotics can be given to reduce the occurrence of bacterial infection and reduce the likelihood of adhering memberatnya this disease (until the catarrhal stage) after the catarrhal stage of antibiotics remains given to reduce the spread of the disease, antibiotics are also given to people who contact with patients, as expected with this provision will reduce the occurrence of infection in healthy people are.
Treatment
If disease is severe, patients are usually hospitalized. They were placed in a quiet room and not too bright. The noise may stimulate coughing. Can be suctioned from his throat. In severe cases, oxygen is administered directly into the lungs through a tube inserted into the trachea. To replace fluids lost through vomiting and because infants usually can not eat due to cough, then given fluids through an IV. Good nutrition is very important, and should be given food in small portions but frequently. To eradicate the bacteria, antibiotics are usually given eritromycin.
Prognosis
Most of the patients experienced complete recovery, although progress is slow. Approximately 1-2% of children aged under 1 year of death. Death occurs due to the reduced oxygen to the brain (encephalopathy anoxia) and bronchopneumonia.
Prevention
Immunization at 2, 4, 6, and 18 months and 4-6 years. Expected likelihood of pertussis twill be lower with his immunizations are given, and symptoms of disease would not be as heavy if given without immunization.
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