Diagnosis, Treatment, Manifestation of Malaria

Diagnosis, Treatment, Manifestation of Malaria - Malaria is an infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites of the Plasmodium group, where the process is transmitted through the bite of Anopheles mosquitoes. Protozoan parasites of this type spread in many tropical regions, for example in the Americas, Asia and Africa.

There are four types of plasmodium parasites are able to infect humans, but which is often encountered in cases of malaria are Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Others are Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae.

# Signs and Symptoms of malaria

The period of bud / incubation of this disease can be several days to several months later appeared before the signs and symptoms complained of by patients such as fever, chills, ache or joint pain, sometimes up to vomiting, pale / anemis, enlarged liver and spleen, urine appears cloudy / thick because they contain hemoglobin (Hemoglobinuria), tingling of the skin and had cramps.

However, it is revealed classic signs of a sudden feeling of cold followed by rigor and then fever and sweating emergence after 4 to 6 hours later, it takes place every two days. Among this period, patients may feel as healthy as normal. At the age of the children malaria attacks can cause strange symptoms, such as showing the movement / posture is abnormal as a result of pressure of the brain cavity. Even more seriously can lead to brain damage.

# Classification of Disease Manifestation of Malaria

There are several forms of malaria disease manifestations, among others:

- Tertian malaria, caused by Plasmodium vivax, in which sufferers experience fever appears every third day.

- Quartana Malaria, caused by Plasmodium malariae, the patient felt a fever every fourth day.

- Cerebral malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum, patients experience irregular fever, accompanied by symptoms terserangnya parts of the brain, coma and even entered a phase of sudden death.

- Pernicious Malaria, caused by Plasmodium vivax, the symptoms can arise very suddenly, like a stroke, coma accompanied by symptoms of severe malaria.

# Enforce Malaria Diagnosis

With the signs and symptoms complained of and apparently by the healthcare team, it will be soon conducted laboratory tests (especially blood tests) to determine the cause and diagnosis to be given to the patient.

# Treatment of Malaria

Based on the examination, either directly from the complaints that arise as well as more focused on results laboratium then the doctor will give you some medicine to patients. Among them is the administration of drugs to lower fever such as paracetamol, vitamins to increase endurance as an effort to help the healing.

While the antimalarial drug Chloroquine is commonly used, because the price is cheap and so far proven effective as a cure for malaria in the world. But there are some patients who are resistant to Chloroquine administration, then some doctors will give others like Artesunate-Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine antimalarial, artesunate-amodiaquine,-piperquine Artesunate, Artemether-lumefantrine, and Dihidroartemisinin-piperquine.

# Prevention of Malaria

Prevention of malaria can be done with the cleaning of mosquito nest (PSN), trying to avoid mosquito bites, or prevention by administering the drug Chloroquine when visiting malaria endemic areas.

Diagnosis, Treatment, Manifestation of Malaria

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