Avian Influenza (H5N1 Virus) and Swine influenza (H1N1 virus)
Avian Influenza (H5N1 Virus)
Avian influenza is an infectious disease caused by viruses that normally infect birds and mammals.
Source of infection
Cause of bird flu was type A influenza virus that spreads among birds. The virus is then found to be capable also spread to other species such as pigs, cats, dogs, tigers, and humans.
Influenza virus type A has several subtypes characterized the hemagglutinin (H) and Neuramidase (N). There are 9 variants H and 14 variants of N. Bird flu virus is contagious right now is the H5N1 subtype that has an incubation time of 3-5 days.
Modes of Transmission
Domestication of wild birds and poultry (livestock) can be a source of spreading H5N1. In Southeast Asia most cases of bird flu occurred in poultry transport or instead of wild bird migration routes.
This virus can be transmitted through air or contact with food, drink, and touch. However, this virus will die in high temperatures. Therefore, meat, eggs, and animals should be thoroughly cooked to avoid infection. Personal hygiene should be maintained also by washing hands with antiseptic. Cleanliness of body and clothing also needs to be maintained.
The virus can survive in cold temperatures. Raw foods refrigerated or frozen to keep the virus. Hands should be washed before and after cooking or touching raw food.
Poultry should not be nurtured in the home or residence room. Livestock must be kept away from the housing to reduce the risk of transmission.
Not forever if acquiring the virus will cause illness. However, this can be dangerous in the future because the virus is always mutating so that it has the potential pathogen at a time. Therefore, if found animals or birds that died suddenly the authorities will make allegations of bird flu. To prevent transmission, the other animals in the vicinity of the bird flu need destroyed.and prevented its spread.
Common symptoms that can occur are high fever, respiratory complaints, and (possibly) of the abdomen. Viral replication in the body can run fast so that the patient needs immediate medical attention.
Medical treatment and drug delivery conducted by authorized medical personnel. The drugs are usually given for fever and anti-virus. Among the antiviral agents can be used is the type that inhibits the replication of neuramidase (neuramidase inhibitors), such as Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and Zanamivir. Each of the antivirus has side effects and should be given within a certain time so that the necessary opinion doctor.
Case Distribution
On July 21, 2005, three fatal cases occurred in Tangerang, Indonesia, caused by avian influenza subtype H5N1. In contrast to other cases in Southeast Asia (Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam), the case is considered unique because the victim is not much to do with birds.
Swine influenza (H1N1 virus)
Swine influenza is influenza cases caused by Orthomyxoviridae viruses that are endemic in pig populations. Strains of swine flu virus has been isolated to date have been classified as C or subtype of the genus Influenzavirus Influenzavirus A
Pigs can accommodate the flu virus from humans and birds, allowing the virus to exchange genes and create a pandemic strain.
Swine flu infects humans each year and are usually found in people who come into contact with pigs, although it was also found cases of transmission from human to human. Symptoms of the virus include fever, disorientation, stiffness in the joints, vomiting, and loss awareness that ends in death known to be caused by a swine influenza A virus subtype H1N1 H1N2 H3N1, H3N2 and H2N3.
In the United States, only the H1N1 subtype prevalent in swine populations before 1998. But since the end of Augusts 1998, subtype H3N2 has been isolated also from pigs.
Origin
On February 5, 1976, soldiers at Fort Dix, the United States declared himself exhausted and weak, then died the next day. The doctor said his death was caused by this virus, as happened in 1918. President at the time, Gerald Ford, was asked to direct his subjects were injected with the vaccine, but the plan was canceled.
On August 20, 2007, this virus infects a resident on the island of Luzon, Philippines.
Signs and symptoms
According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States, symptoms of influenza are similar to influenza. Symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, head, chills, lethargic and weak. Some patients also reported bowel movements and vomiting.
In diagnosing this disease not only have to look at specific signs or symptoms, but also recent records of patients. For example, during the 2009 swine flu outbreak in the U.S., the CDC advises doctors to see "whether an outbreak of swine flu in patients who are diagnosed to have acute respiratory illnesses have a relationship with the person in charge of swine flu, or be in five U.S. states that reported cases of swine flu or being in Mexico within seven days before the beginning of their disease. " The diagnosis for the determination of this virus requires a breathing test for example.
Change of name
Naming types of the disease is considered one by many, because society has made the wrong interpretation - that the pigs can transmit disease to humans. To that end, the World Health Organization (WHO) has changed the name of this illness with influenza A (H1N1) from 30 April 2009.
1 comments:
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